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good afternoon i'm casey swales and

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welcome to the 2022

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nasa safety stand down

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safety and a new era of space

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exploration

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as in years past today we observe our

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annual day of remembrance

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by taking time out to reflect on the

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lives of heroes tragically lost in the

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pursuit of discovery and exploration

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including the crews of apollo 1

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and space shuttle's challenger in

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colombia

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as said by administrator nelson and

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deputy administrator melroy in messages

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this week

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it's also a time for us to reflect on

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the lessons learned from these tragedies

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and to remind ourselves of the critical

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responsibility each of us has in caring

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and safely executing the mission

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as we prepare to return humans to the

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moon and onto mars

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we must continue to embrace our core

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value of safety

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is both an institutional and an

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individual responsibility

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and our core value of inclusion reminds

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us to ensure that every voice is heard

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and every nasa member family feels

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comfortable speaking up

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our discussion will cover many

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insightful and possibly some difficult

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topics from experts

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but more importantly these leaders

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have first-hand professional and

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personal experience

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and i can't think of anyone better than

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this group to discuss today's topic

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while they need no introduction

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administrator bill nelson

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deputy administrator pam melroy

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associate administrator bob cabana

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all former nasa astronauts

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and russ delosh nasa's chief of safety

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emission assurance

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thank you all for joining us for this

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important discussion and now i turn it

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thank you casey

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this is a solemn day of remembrance

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and

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we wanted to share with you

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what

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we have just done we've returned

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from arlington cemetery where

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pam and bob and i participated

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first in the changing the guard

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after the changing

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then we had a wreath

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that the three of us went up to the tomb

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of the unknown

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and presented that reef and you're

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seeing

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a picture now of a wreath that then we

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placed at

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the markers

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for

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columbia

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and for challenger

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there are several of the astronauts that

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are buried in in the immediate vicinity

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each of us spoke briefly

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we were joined by friends of one of the

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crew

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from columbia

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and we had them speak as well

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general charlie bolden

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joined us in the audience

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former administrator and former

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administrator sean o'keefe

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as well

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joined us

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and then we walked over to another part

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of the cemetery where there is the new

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apollo 1 marker

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and two of the astronauts of the three

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are buried there

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grissom and chafee

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and we had another

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as we're walking back

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to get into our vehicles

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i remembered that john glenn is buried

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not far

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and so a few steps off of the roadway

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of the three of us went over to pay

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tribute

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it's interesting on his tombstone

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he says u.s marine corps

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then he says

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fighter pilot

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says astronaut

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and senator

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i think of all those uh the marine corps

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it's a solemn day it's a sad day but it

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is a day

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for us

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to remember

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not only these wonderful people

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and to remember them

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as the vibrant people that they were

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but also

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for us to remember the lessons

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that we

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should

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learn

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from those accidents because

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mistakes human mistakes

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and since we live in such a

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high risk

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high charged environment

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where so many things are just right on

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the line and

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it proves that

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the impossible becomes possible

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but it's not without risk

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and that's what we want to minimize and

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so

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the three of us

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want to share with you

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some of the experiences that we've had

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over the course of remembering back

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i was on hoot gibson's crew which was

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the 24th flight of the space shuttle

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we uh still have the

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record uh

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not enviable

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of the most delays and the most scrubs

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for

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but the reason i mentioned that

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we were supposed to go in december

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of 1985.

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we didn't get off the ground until the

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12th of january landing on the 18th

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and of course

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you remember what happened on the 28th

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there are lessons learned

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when the rogers commission

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named after secretary of state rogers

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went in and did the examination and they

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in fact

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had such luminaries as neil armstrong on

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what they concluded that a number of

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mistakes had been made

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they pointed for example

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to the second scrub that we had on the

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flight

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back a scrub in early january

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in which

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someone had overridden the computer and

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started to drain out 18 000 pounds of

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and an alert supervisor caught it that

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the lox line was too

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cold

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and stopped the count at t minus 31. the

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rogers commission

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noted that

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because they thought that fatigue

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had played a part

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let's

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keep that in mind

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not to be

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so fatigued

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that at critical moments of decision

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making

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but then look what happened to

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challenger

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they got down to

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the night before

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the weather

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has now gone down to 25 degrees

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fahrenheit

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there are icicles

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hanging on the launch tower

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and

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coming out

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and they don't have on their top coats

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because they went from crew quarters

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there right

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into that crew van

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but it was 25 degrees the night before

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at this point it's probably about 29

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degrees

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by the time that they finally launched

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it was 36 degrees

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the rubberized gaskets

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in the field joints of the

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solid rocket boosters

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called o-rings

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that cold weather the night before had

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stiffened them

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and so as challenger

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launched

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and those hot gases

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expanded out the field joint and hit

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right into the external tank

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the external tank blew

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their lessons learned from that

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because the night before back in utah

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the engineers of morton thigh call

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they were telling their management stop

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it's the o-rings it's cold

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later on in another investigation i

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talked to one of the engineers in that

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investigation

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and i said how were you alerted to know

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that it was potentially a problem on

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your earrings other than your

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engineering expertise

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and he said

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it was when we got back

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your columbia

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the 24th flights

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o-rings

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and the solid rocket boosters we saw

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that there was by and you actually

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launched

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in a relatively warm

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54 degrees and there were still

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and we said

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that's interesting that happened

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a previous year

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and what was the month it was january

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what's common to january

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but the management didn't listen

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and it went all the way up

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the chain of command

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it went up to people at the very top i'm

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going to tell you one more thing that's

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jim beggs

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the administrator of nasa just a week

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before

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had been indicted by a federal grand

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jury

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and he was sure that he could clear his

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name quickly by getting

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the evidence out of the department of

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defense

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by the way it took him two years to do

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the prosecution dropped the case

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but not on that day of january 28th

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jim beggs

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now no longer administrator

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is still in his office

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back at headquarters and he's looking at

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the nasa tv and he's seeing the icicles

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and he's calling the cape

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and they wouldn't take his call

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one thing after another

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very prominent people

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in nasa's history back in the apollo

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program

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were asked about their opinion

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there's always risk

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but there's always safety

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you have to balance that risk and the

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safety

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and for an experienced that is so

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personal to me we had trained with the

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challenger crew

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since we were so late getting off the

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ground after four scrubs

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they were actually at the cape doing

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their

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practice countdown they stayed with us

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in crew quarters when we were in

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there's always risk

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you have to balance that risk

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with

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safety and so this day of remembrance i

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hope

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for all

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of our wonderful folks in nasa

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will be another day of reflection

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not only on these great people

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bob tell us about some of your

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experiences

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so

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i'll try and be a little brief because i

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want to leave time for a discussion but

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i want to talk a little bit about the uh

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the columbia crew

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and there's a picture i'd like you to

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put up they've got it on there and i

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want to personalize these people for you

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when we talk about these crews a lot of

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folks are new to nasa but these are moms

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00:16:44,389 --> 00:16:42,560
and dads sons and daughters

298
00:16:45,829 --> 00:16:44,399
they're they're our friends

299
00:16:47,670 --> 00:16:45,839
and uh

300
00:16:50,790 --> 00:16:47,680
you know

301
00:16:52,870 --> 00:16:50,800
it's really important that we know who

302
00:16:55,030 --> 00:16:52,880
it is we're putting on these vehicles

303
00:16:56,629 --> 00:16:55,040
and that we make sure that we are making

304
00:16:57,910 --> 00:16:56,639
the right decisions

305
00:16:59,829 --> 00:16:57,920
when we do it

306
00:17:01,030 --> 00:16:59,839
if i could get that picture up because i

307
00:17:02,949 --> 00:17:01,040
want to talk a little bit about each

308
00:17:04,549 --> 00:17:02,959
crew member and i want to i want to show

309
00:17:07,829 --> 00:17:04,559
you something

310
00:17:10,309 --> 00:17:07,839
obviously that's not the crew

311
00:17:13,029 --> 00:17:10,319
hey much younger bob cabana

312
00:17:15,750 --> 00:17:13,039
it is a nice picture of you

313
00:17:16,829 --> 00:17:15,760
but this is the uh this is the columbia

314
00:17:18,710 --> 00:17:16,839
crew

315
00:17:20,870 --> 00:17:18,720
sts-107 and

316
00:17:22,549 --> 00:17:20,880
this was my first flight as the director

317
00:17:25,110 --> 00:17:22,559
of flight crew operations i think the

318
00:17:27,189 --> 00:17:25,120
hardest job i've ever had is being a

319
00:17:28,470 --> 00:17:27,199
family escort when i was an astronaut

320
00:17:30,549 --> 00:17:28,480
standing on the roof of the launch

321
00:17:33,190 --> 00:17:30,559
control center with

322
00:17:34,789 --> 00:17:33,200
holding a two-year-old next to

323
00:17:36,310 --> 00:17:34,799
one of your best friend's wives watching

324
00:17:37,990 --> 00:17:36,320
five to seven of your close friends go

325
00:17:39,510 --> 00:17:38,000
off in that ball of flame it's a

326
00:17:41,830 --> 00:17:39,520
challenge

327
00:17:45,270 --> 00:17:43,750
if you look at rick husband there on the

328
00:17:47,669 --> 00:17:45,280
on the lower left rick was one of the

329
00:17:50,150 --> 00:17:47,679
finest christian men i've ever known

330
00:17:53,830 --> 00:17:50,160
just a really competent air force test

331
00:17:55,190 --> 00:17:53,840
pilot and a really nice man behind him

332
00:17:57,110 --> 00:17:55,200
you got

333
00:17:58,789 --> 00:17:57,120
you know dave brown dave brown was not

334
00:18:00,390 --> 00:17:58,799
only a naval aviator he was a flight

335
00:18:01,669 --> 00:18:00,400
surgeon in the navy

336
00:18:03,590 --> 00:18:01,679
and uh

337
00:18:05,350 --> 00:18:03,600
i used to whenever i needed a new tv or

338
00:18:07,990 --> 00:18:05,360
a stereo system i went to dave because

339
00:18:10,310 --> 00:18:08,000
he was the expert on all that stuff

340
00:18:12,470 --> 00:18:10,320
next to dave is laurel clark laura clark

341
00:18:14,230 --> 00:18:12,480
was a flight surgeon in the navy and

342
00:18:16,870 --> 00:18:14,240
probably one of the most positive people

343
00:18:18,310 --> 00:18:16,880
i've ever met she always had a smile she

344
00:18:20,230 --> 00:18:18,320
knew when you were down and she'd cheer

345
00:18:23,430 --> 00:18:20,240
you up and pick you up

346
00:18:25,669 --> 00:18:23,440
kulpner koultner was an amazing

347
00:18:27,510 --> 00:18:25,679
scientist engineer

348
00:18:30,230 --> 00:18:27,520
hard working

349
00:18:32,150 --> 00:18:30,240
and just just a great personality great

350
00:18:34,549 --> 00:18:32,160
person

351
00:18:36,230 --> 00:18:34,559
behind kultner there mike brown air

352
00:18:39,350 --> 00:18:36,240
force test pilot

353
00:18:41,990 --> 00:18:39,360
loved his audi tt just one of the nicest

354
00:18:45,029 --> 00:18:42,000
guys you'd ever want to meet

355
00:18:47,830 --> 00:18:45,039
in front of him willie mccool willie was

356
00:18:48,549 --> 00:18:47,840
second in his class at the naval academy

357
00:18:49,750 --> 00:18:48,559
and

358
00:18:51,750 --> 00:18:49,760
one of the most

359
00:18:53,510 --> 00:18:51,760
competent test pilots i've ever known

360
00:18:56,470 --> 00:18:53,520
but you'd never know it talking to him

361
00:18:58,150 --> 00:18:56,480
he was just a mild-mannered nice guy and

362
00:18:59,430 --> 00:18:58,160
and on the far right there on the end

363
00:19:02,630 --> 00:18:59,440
alon ramon

364
00:19:05,990 --> 00:19:02,640
uh the first israeli to fly in space uh

365
00:19:07,190 --> 00:19:06,000
just another super nice guy

366
00:19:09,110 --> 00:19:07,200
and then you look down there on the

367
00:19:11,029 --> 00:19:09,120
lower left in that picture

368
00:19:13,029 --> 00:19:11,039
and you see columbia

369
00:19:15,110 --> 00:19:13,039
laid out in pieces as they started to

370
00:19:16,789 --> 00:19:15,120
accumulate back at the cape

371
00:19:18,549 --> 00:19:16,799
after one of the largest recovery

372
00:19:19,830 --> 00:19:18,559
efforts ever

373
00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:19,840
and

374
00:19:25,190 --> 00:19:22,480
the reason i put this up here is i want

375
00:19:27,270 --> 00:19:25,200
folks to see the consequences of the

376
00:19:29,110 --> 00:19:27,280
decisions that we make

377
00:19:30,230 --> 00:19:29,120
and i will tell you right now

378
00:19:32,310 --> 00:19:30,240
everybody

379
00:19:34,789 --> 00:19:32,320
that made decisions related to any of

380
00:19:37,350 --> 00:19:34,799
these accidents did not make that

381
00:19:39,750 --> 00:19:37,360
decision thinking that they were causing

382
00:19:42,470 --> 00:19:39,760
that it would result in causing harm to

383
00:19:44,950 --> 00:19:42,480
anyone all right but our decisions have

384
00:19:46,230 --> 00:19:44,960
consequences and that's why it is so

385
00:19:47,909 --> 00:19:46,240
important

386
00:19:49,190 --> 00:19:47,919
that we

387
00:19:51,110 --> 00:19:49,200
have

388
00:19:53,270 --> 00:19:51,120
all the knowledge that we can possibly

389
00:19:55,830 --> 00:19:53,280
have when we make our decisions that

390
00:19:58,310 --> 00:19:55,840
their decisions are based on the best

391
00:20:01,350 --> 00:19:58,320
data possible and the only way we can do

392
00:20:03,750 --> 00:20:01,360
that is if everybody has a voice

393
00:20:05,029 --> 00:20:03,760
we have to create an environment where

394
00:20:07,029 --> 00:20:05,039
everyone

395
00:20:08,950 --> 00:20:07,039
participates in you can take the picture

396
00:20:11,430 --> 00:20:08,960
down now and we'll just talk

397
00:20:12,630 --> 00:20:11,440
but i think it's really important

398
00:20:14,789 --> 00:20:12,640
that

399
00:20:17,029 --> 00:20:14,799
when you are running a meeting

400
00:20:17,990 --> 00:20:17,039
everybody has to have a voice at the

401
00:20:19,110 --> 00:20:18,000
table

402
00:20:21,350 --> 00:20:19,120
everybody

403
00:20:23,669 --> 00:20:21,360
needs to be listened to not heard but

404
00:20:25,990 --> 00:20:23,679
listen to all right

405
00:20:28,630 --> 00:20:26,000
and that's the way we get the best data

406
00:20:29,830 --> 00:20:28,640
to make informed decisions

407
00:20:32,870 --> 00:20:29,840
so

408
00:20:34,390 --> 00:20:32,880
it's up to us as leaders to ensure that

409
00:20:36,149 --> 00:20:34,400
we're encouraging

410
00:20:38,710 --> 00:20:36,159
that discussion

411
00:20:40,390 --> 00:20:38,720
that everybody has a voice

412
00:20:43,590 --> 00:20:40,400
that we have a diverse

413
00:20:47,029 --> 00:20:43,600
team so that we get the best data to

414
00:20:48,390 --> 00:20:47,039
make an informed decision

415
00:20:49,510 --> 00:20:48,400
so i don't ever want to have to go

416
00:20:51,830 --> 00:20:49,520
through

417
00:20:55,350 --> 00:20:51,840
another columbia and if you look at you

418
00:20:57,110 --> 00:20:55,360
know from 67 to 86

419
00:21:03,270 --> 00:20:57,120
was 19 years

420
00:21:06,789 --> 00:21:03,280
from 86 to 2003 was 17 years from 2003

421
00:21:08,470 --> 00:21:06,799
until now it's 19 years all right we're

422
00:21:10,230 --> 00:21:08,480
in that same time frame well why is that

423
00:21:11,750 --> 00:21:10,240
well we've had a huge turnover in our

424
00:21:14,310 --> 00:21:11,760
personnel we have new people we have

425
00:21:16,390 --> 00:21:14,320
different people in leadership positions

426
00:21:19,110 --> 00:21:16,400
i don't want to forget the lessons

427
00:21:21,270 --> 00:21:19,120
learned from the past okay and we're in

428
00:21:23,430 --> 00:21:21,280
a time of great change right now we're

429
00:21:25,110 --> 00:21:23,440
building new spacecraft i don't want to

430
00:21:27,510 --> 00:21:25,120
see as complacent with the commercial

431
00:21:31,990 --> 00:21:27,520
crew vehicles that we're flying we have

432
00:21:34,070 --> 00:21:32,000
to pay attention all the time every year

433
00:21:35,909 --> 00:21:34,080
this time i dig out my copy of the

434
00:21:37,350 --> 00:21:35,919
columbra report and it's kind of falling

435
00:21:39,750 --> 00:21:37,360
apart i got it clipped together in the

436
00:21:42,070 --> 00:21:39,760
middle but i've got all the key sections

437
00:21:44,549 --> 00:21:42,080
highlighted and i've got notes that i've

438
00:21:45,590 --> 00:21:44,559
taken and i refresh myself i want to

439
00:21:48,870 --> 00:21:45,600
make sure

440
00:21:52,070 --> 00:21:48,880
that we are doing the right thing

441
00:21:56,789 --> 00:21:53,830
thank you bob i

442
00:21:59,750 --> 00:21:56,799
i'd like to talk about some of the

443
00:22:02,950 --> 00:21:59,760
aspects of culture that i've observed

444
00:22:06,390 --> 00:22:02,960
and really appreciated and learned from

445
00:22:09,110 --> 00:22:06,400
i want to talk about my uh first job in

446
00:22:12,149 --> 00:22:09,120
the astronaut office after i graduated i

447
00:22:13,909 --> 00:22:12,159
was a caped crusader and a cape crusader

448
00:22:16,390 --> 00:22:13,919
is someone who helps prepare the shuttle

449
00:22:18,390 --> 00:22:16,400
cockpit for the crew helps strap them in

450
00:22:20,710 --> 00:22:18,400
as a part of the closeout crew

451
00:22:23,270 --> 00:22:20,720
uh and in fact uh as a part of that

452
00:22:25,630 --> 00:22:23,280
closeout crew you're also responsible

453
00:22:28,310 --> 00:22:25,640
for rescuing the crew if they become

454
00:22:29,510 --> 00:22:28,320
incapacitated inside the shuttle

455
00:22:37,190 --> 00:22:29,520
and

456
00:22:40,230 --> 00:22:37,200
my good friends who called themselves

457
00:22:42,310 --> 00:22:40,240
pad rats they made me an honorary pad

458
00:22:43,510 --> 00:22:42,320
rat eventually and gave me a hat to

459
00:22:47,590 --> 00:22:43,520
prove it

460
00:22:48,470 --> 00:22:47,600
were talking to me about cruise rescue

461
00:22:50,070 --> 00:22:48,480
and

462
00:22:51,669 --> 00:22:50,080
they pointed out

463
00:22:55,750 --> 00:22:51,679
a locker

464
00:22:57,430 --> 00:22:55,760
right at the end of the the the

465
00:22:59,590 --> 00:22:57,440
area where the crew walks out to the

466
00:23:00,630 --> 00:22:59,600
vehicle and it's right there

467
00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:00,640
and

468
00:23:07,350 --> 00:23:04,720
door

469
00:23:09,990 --> 00:23:07,360
and told the story that

470
00:23:12,710 --> 00:23:10,000
for apollo 1

471
00:23:14,630 --> 00:23:12,720
when the fire occurred i think people

472
00:23:16,070 --> 00:23:14,640
have are familiar with the story of the

473
00:23:20,870 --> 00:23:16,080
fact that

474
00:23:25,990 --> 00:23:23,750
it hoped opened inward there was so much

475
00:23:28,390 --> 00:23:26,000
pressure they couldn't they couldn't get

476
00:23:30,710 --> 00:23:28,400
into the vehicle after the fire

477
00:23:32,630 --> 00:23:30,720
uh the truth is the crew would not have

478
00:23:35,350 --> 00:23:32,640
survived i think you know

479
00:23:36,549 --> 00:23:35,360
maybe if they had been able to open the

480
00:23:38,549 --> 00:23:36,559
the hatch

481
00:23:39,510 --> 00:23:38,559
it all happened very fast

482
00:23:41,590 --> 00:23:39,520
but

483
00:23:42,789 --> 00:23:41,600
one of the stories that's probably less

484
00:23:45,430 --> 00:23:42,799
well known

485
00:23:48,149 --> 00:23:45,440
is that in their

486
00:23:50,950 --> 00:23:48,159
hurry to try to get inside that hatch

487
00:23:53,430 --> 00:23:50,960
they went to the safety locker where all

488
00:23:55,830 --> 00:23:53,440
the safety equipment was stowed pry bars

489
00:23:58,470 --> 00:23:55,840
and things like that and it was locked

490
00:24:00,470 --> 00:23:58,480
and nobody at the pad knew where the key

491
00:24:01,510 --> 00:24:00,480
was or how to get in it

492
00:24:03,430 --> 00:24:01,520
and so

493
00:24:07,830 --> 00:24:03,440
um

494
00:24:10,549 --> 00:24:07,840
almost 30 years later this was 1996

495
00:24:13,350 --> 00:24:10,559
they remembered that story and they said

496
00:24:16,149 --> 00:24:13,360
this locker is never locked

497
00:24:18,549 --> 00:24:16,159
it's always open for you know any kind

498
00:24:20,630 --> 00:24:18,559
of an emergency and i just really took

499
00:24:23,990 --> 00:24:20,640
that on board and went wow

500
00:24:25,909 --> 00:24:24,000
i mean they remember and they know why

501
00:24:27,350 --> 00:24:25,919
you know as test pilots we we have a

502
00:24:29,590 --> 00:24:27,360
saying there's a lot of procedures

503
00:24:31,350 --> 00:24:29,600
written in blood it's things that we've

504
00:24:34,710 --> 00:24:31,360
learned because we've learned the hard

505
00:24:37,909 --> 00:24:34,720
way and uh and it really resonated with

506
00:24:38,789 --> 00:24:37,919
me and so uh shortly after that when i

507
00:24:44,630 --> 00:24:38,799
was

508
00:24:47,350 --> 00:24:44,640
a silver snoopy uh and a manager of the

509
00:24:49,590 --> 00:24:47,360
person who i gave the snoopy to said

510
00:24:52,149 --> 00:24:49,600
have you been out to pad 34

511
00:24:54,070 --> 00:24:52,159
and i said no no but i'm you know i've

512
00:24:57,269 --> 00:24:54,080
heard this story from the

513
00:24:58,549 --> 00:24:57,279
uh the rescue folks and so he took me

514
00:25:01,430 --> 00:24:58,559
out there

515
00:25:03,190 --> 00:25:01,440
and uh i was reflecting on it today when

516
00:25:05,430 --> 00:25:03,200
we were at arlington because it feels

517
00:25:07,909 --> 00:25:05,440
like hallowed ground to me and that's i

518
00:25:10,870 --> 00:25:07,919
had that same feeling at arlington

519
00:25:14,070 --> 00:25:10,880
and uh and i just felt this really

520
00:25:16,950 --> 00:25:14,080
profound connection uh out at that pad

521
00:25:18,950 --> 00:25:16,960
and always used to after every launch

522
00:25:21,909 --> 00:25:18,960
where i worked as a cape crusader i

523
00:25:24,789 --> 00:25:21,919
would go out to pad 34 and let the guys

524
00:25:26,789 --> 00:25:24,799
know we'd had a good launch and the crew

525
00:25:29,590 --> 00:25:26,799
was safely in space

526
00:25:32,230 --> 00:25:29,600
so that that really stuck with me but i

527
00:25:34,230 --> 00:25:32,240
think um

528
00:25:37,510 --> 00:25:34,240
as i reflect on the things that we've

529
00:25:39,190 --> 00:25:37,520
learned for example for challenger

530
00:25:39,990 --> 00:25:39,200
um

531
00:25:45,029 --> 00:25:40,000
the

532
00:25:47,430 --> 00:25:45,039
crew from that mishap

533
00:25:49,510 --> 00:25:47,440
but we had a culture to say

534
00:25:53,110 --> 00:25:49,520
what are all the things that we can do

535
00:25:54,390 --> 00:25:53,120
to help protect the crew better and so

536
00:25:56,870 --> 00:25:54,400
after that

537
00:25:58,230 --> 00:25:56,880
astronauts wore pressure suits and we

538
00:26:01,190 --> 00:25:58,240
trained for

539
00:26:03,590 --> 00:26:01,200
uh evacuation wearing those suits there

540
00:26:06,630 --> 00:26:03,600
were hundreds of steps that were taken

541
00:26:09,110 --> 00:26:06,640
on the space shuttle not directly part

542
00:26:11,430 --> 00:26:09,120
of the cause of the challenger mishap

543
00:26:12,390 --> 00:26:11,440
but things that we knew would make the

544
00:26:15,269 --> 00:26:12,400
crew

545
00:26:17,110 --> 00:26:15,279
safer and make the situation more

546
00:26:18,070 --> 00:26:17,120
survivable

547
00:26:22,510 --> 00:26:18,080
and

548
00:26:25,190 --> 00:26:22,520
bob showed a picture of the

549
00:26:27,669 --> 00:26:25,200
reconstruction of colombia

550
00:26:29,669 --> 00:26:27,679
well as a result of that reconstruction

551
00:26:33,190 --> 00:26:29,679
where we had pieces of the vehicle that

552
00:26:36,830 --> 00:26:33,200
we could go back and do an analysis

553
00:26:39,190 --> 00:26:36,840
we did the first ever crew survival

554
00:26:41,750 --> 00:26:39,200
investigation previously

555
00:26:44,149 --> 00:26:41,760
it it really was very focused on the

556
00:26:47,350 --> 00:26:44,159
cause of the mishap but this was a

557
00:26:49,430 --> 00:26:47,360
dedicated survival investigation to say

558
00:26:50,149 --> 00:26:49,440
what how did everything work how did

559
00:26:57,350 --> 00:26:50,159
their

560
00:26:58,549 --> 00:26:57,360
not directly related to the cause of the

561
00:27:01,190 --> 00:26:58,559
mishap

562
00:27:02,710 --> 00:27:01,200
but making things safer and what was

563
00:27:03,750 --> 00:27:02,720
really important

564
00:27:07,590 --> 00:27:03,760
is that

565
00:27:10,149 --> 00:27:07,600
we nasa sent a copy to every company at

566
00:27:12,470 --> 00:27:10,159
first every country engaged in human

567
00:27:15,350 --> 00:27:12,480
space flight but also

568
00:27:18,149 --> 00:27:15,360
if you think back 2008 that was sort of

569
00:27:20,149 --> 00:27:18,159
the beginning of a lot of commercial

570
00:27:21,750 --> 00:27:20,159
activities right there were a lot of

571
00:27:24,149 --> 00:27:21,760
companies just starting to talk about

572
00:27:26,710 --> 00:27:24,159
commercial human space flight anyone who

573
00:27:30,470 --> 00:27:26,720
ever talked about it we sent him a copy

574
00:27:32,149 --> 00:27:30,480
and i think you know as i i reflect on

575
00:27:32,870 --> 00:27:32,159
you know what does that culture mean to

576
00:27:35,990 --> 00:27:32,880
me

577
00:27:39,430 --> 00:27:36,000
i think uh it's that we

578
00:27:40,149 --> 00:27:39,440
uh learn everything we can to make uh

579
00:27:48,310 --> 00:27:40,159
the

580
00:27:50,149 --> 00:27:48,320
five things that that that were involved

581
00:27:51,750 --> 00:27:50,159
in the mishap

582
00:27:54,310 --> 00:27:51,760
but to really have a culture of saying

583
00:27:56,389 --> 00:27:54,320
let's let's look at everything that

584
00:27:58,950 --> 00:27:56,399
could affect the safety of the crew and

585
00:27:59,990 --> 00:27:58,960
let's think about it even if nothing's

586
00:28:03,350 --> 00:28:00,000
happened

587
00:28:05,590 --> 00:28:03,360
yet in that area how we can make things

588
00:28:06,470 --> 00:28:05,600
better and that's a culture we need to

589
00:28:08,950 --> 00:28:06,480
share

590
00:28:10,950 --> 00:28:08,960
uh out with the rest of the world and

591
00:28:12,950 --> 00:28:10,960
our commercial partners at a pivotal

592
00:28:14,310 --> 00:28:12,960
moment like this

593
00:28:17,990 --> 00:28:14,320
we remember

594
00:28:21,430 --> 00:28:18,000
and we rise that's our culture

595
00:28:28,710 --> 00:28:25,029
uh you know nasa's on a roll right now

596
00:28:32,470 --> 00:28:28,720
you look back the past year perseverance

597
00:28:32,480 --> 00:28:36,149
james webb

598
00:28:39,029 --> 00:28:37,590
look at the

599
00:28:41,909 --> 00:28:39,039
commercial crew

600
00:28:46,230 --> 00:28:41,919
to the station commercial cargo

601
00:28:53,990 --> 00:28:50,310
but as bob says it's been 19 years

602
00:28:56,549 --> 00:28:54,000
and uh we we've got to constantly be

603
00:28:59,830 --> 00:28:56,559
on our toes bob

604
00:29:01,510 --> 00:28:59,840
as we're getting ready for artemis one

605
00:29:02,389 --> 00:29:01,520
what are some of the things that come to

606
00:29:04,950 --> 00:29:02,399
mind

607
00:29:07,590 --> 00:29:04,960
oh my gosh

608
00:29:09,269 --> 00:29:07,600
you know i i think

609
00:29:11,430 --> 00:29:09,279
well one of the things

610
00:29:13,750 --> 00:29:11,440
is that you know

611
00:29:16,310 --> 00:29:13,760
we can't get launch fever we got to pay

612
00:29:17,909 --> 00:29:16,320
attention folks that we got a process we

613
00:29:19,669 --> 00:29:17,919
got to work through it methodically we

614
00:29:20,549 --> 00:29:19,679
got to make sure that

615
00:29:23,269 --> 00:29:20,559
we

616
00:29:24,789 --> 00:29:23,279
cross all the t's dot all the eyes

617
00:29:26,549 --> 00:29:24,799
i think one of the biggest challenges is

618
00:29:28,470 --> 00:29:26,559
going to be getting all the uh the the

619
00:29:30,789 --> 00:29:28,480
paperwork closed out

620
00:29:32,149 --> 00:29:30,799
and uh making sure that we've documented

621
00:29:33,430 --> 00:29:32,159
everything correctly that we haven't

622
00:29:36,549 --> 00:29:33,440
missed something

623
00:29:38,310 --> 00:29:36,559
uh of course artemis one is a a test

624
00:29:40,549 --> 00:29:38,320
flight without crew but we intend to put

625
00:29:42,789 --> 00:29:40,559
crew on this vehicle we are we are

626
00:29:44,070 --> 00:29:42,799
certifying this to fly with crew on its

627
00:29:45,510 --> 00:29:44,080
second flight

628
00:29:48,070 --> 00:29:45,520
so we got to make sure that we do it

629
00:29:49,590 --> 00:29:48,080
correctly and i i think the the key

630
00:29:51,590 --> 00:29:49,600
thing is uh

631
00:29:53,590 --> 00:29:51,600
you know we can't get launched either i

632
00:29:55,190 --> 00:29:53,600
know we want to get it going but we also

633
00:29:57,029 --> 00:29:55,200
got to make sure that we're

634
00:29:59,510 --> 00:29:57,039
we're taking our time and and doing it

635
00:30:01,590 --> 00:29:59,520
right russia you know what are your

636
00:30:04,070 --> 00:30:01,600
thoughts on all of this

637
00:30:06,389 --> 00:30:04,080
well i i i'm not a former astronaut so i

638
00:30:07,590 --> 00:30:06,399
have to have notes

639
00:30:09,590 --> 00:30:07,600
but i do have a few that i wanted to

640
00:30:11,750 --> 00:30:09,600
share about risk

641
00:30:14,310 --> 00:30:11,760
and i i'd like to start actually with a

642
00:30:16,389 --> 00:30:14,320
quote from charlie bolden

643
00:30:17,990 --> 00:30:16,399
said when you do stuff that nobody else

644
00:30:21,190 --> 00:30:18,000
has ever done

645
00:30:23,029 --> 00:30:21,200
you have to be willing to accept risk

646
00:30:24,389 --> 00:30:23,039
we have to be willing to do daring

647
00:30:26,310 --> 00:30:24,399
things

648
00:30:28,630 --> 00:30:26,320
put another way

649
00:30:30,470 --> 00:30:28,640
risk intolerance is a guarantee of

650
00:30:32,549 --> 00:30:30,480
failure to accomplish anything of

651
00:30:34,710 --> 00:30:32,559
significance

652
00:30:37,350 --> 00:30:34,720
you know at the beginning of a program

653
00:30:40,230 --> 00:30:37,360
establishing that risk posture up front

654
00:30:43,029 --> 00:30:40,240
is is very critical and that establishes

655
00:30:45,110 --> 00:30:43,039
how much risk are you willing to take

656
00:30:47,510 --> 00:30:45,120
in each domain your cost schedule

657
00:30:50,710 --> 00:30:47,520
performance safety

658
00:30:52,310 --> 00:30:50,720
and that risk posture has to consider

659
00:30:54,789 --> 00:30:52,320
you know what's the benefit of taking

660
00:30:56,710 --> 00:30:54,799
that risk what are we gaining

661
00:30:58,549 --> 00:30:56,720
by taking that risk what makes the risk

662
00:31:00,789 --> 00:30:58,559
worth it

663
00:31:02,470 --> 00:31:00,799
npd 1000 if you've read our governance

664
00:31:06,149 --> 00:31:02,480
handbook it talks about that and talks

665
00:31:08,389 --> 00:31:06,159
about a concept called risk leadership

666
00:31:09,990 --> 00:31:08,399
but human space flight is not inherently

667
00:31:12,149 --> 00:31:10,000
safe

668
00:31:13,590 --> 00:31:12,159
so the hard questions that we must

669
00:31:16,070 --> 00:31:13,600
answer are

670
00:31:19,350 --> 00:31:16,080
how safe is safe enough

671
00:31:22,149 --> 00:31:19,360
and how will we know when we're there

672
00:31:23,509 --> 00:31:22,159
you know i've been doing this job for 35

673
00:31:25,909 --> 00:31:23,519
years

674
00:31:27,430 --> 00:31:25,919
and those questions don't seem to get

675
00:31:29,509 --> 00:31:27,440
any easier

676
00:31:31,430 --> 00:31:29,519
but they're very important to address up

677
00:31:33,750 --> 00:31:31,440
front so that everybody understands

678
00:31:35,350 --> 00:31:33,760
where the line is

679
00:31:36,950 --> 00:31:35,360
and then once you're in program

680
00:31:39,909 --> 00:31:36,960
execution

681
00:31:41,669 --> 00:31:39,919
we need everyone engaged in identifying

682
00:31:42,870 --> 00:31:41,679
and communicating risks so decision

683
00:31:44,630 --> 00:31:42,880
makers

684
00:31:47,110 --> 00:31:44,640
can understand when that line has been

685
00:31:49,509 --> 00:31:47,120
crossed

686
00:31:51,750 --> 00:31:49,519
taking risks smartly

687
00:31:53,990 --> 00:31:51,760
versus being reckless

688
00:31:55,909 --> 00:31:54,000
i think that's what we owe to our crews

689
00:31:57,750 --> 00:31:55,919
and their families

690
00:32:00,070 --> 00:31:57,760
you know so today

691
00:32:03,110 --> 00:32:00,080
we pause to reflect on our past and the

692
00:32:04,789 --> 00:32:03,120
lessons the hard lessons we have learned

693
00:32:06,950 --> 00:32:04,799
and committing ourselves to not

694
00:32:08,870 --> 00:32:06,960
repeating mistakes

695
00:32:10,950 --> 00:32:08,880
we may make new mistakes

696
00:32:12,710 --> 00:32:10,960
as our mission to explore and discover

697
00:32:15,190 --> 00:32:12,720
takes us to new places

698
00:32:18,549 --> 00:32:15,200
new challenges new environments

699
00:32:21,350 --> 00:32:18,559
but to honor those we have lost

700
00:32:23,669 --> 00:32:21,360
we must not let the lessons of apollo 1

701
00:32:26,710 --> 00:32:23,679
challenger in colombia show up in

702
00:32:29,110 --> 00:32:26,720
another investigation report

703
00:32:31,669 --> 00:32:29,120
to end with another charlie quote we

704
00:32:34,549 --> 00:32:31,679
must constantly balance our risks and

705
00:32:37,029 --> 00:32:34,559
rewards and always always put the lives

706
00:32:38,630 --> 00:32:37,039
and safety of our people first

707
00:32:39,830 --> 00:32:38,640
and russ i want to give you and your

708
00:32:41,590 --> 00:32:39,840
team

709
00:32:44,310 --> 00:32:41,600
a compliment

710
00:32:46,710 --> 00:32:44,320
you don't say no you look for that yes

711
00:32:48,549 --> 00:32:46,720
if answer and it's understanding what we

712
00:32:51,509 --> 00:32:48,559
can do to mitigate the risk

713
00:32:54,070 --> 00:32:51,519
as we move forward you know

714
00:32:57,509 --> 00:32:54,080
we are in a very risky business

715
00:33:00,310 --> 00:32:57,519
and a lot of folks as we transition to

716
00:33:01,909 --> 00:33:00,320
the commercial model in some places if

717
00:33:05,029 --> 00:33:01,919
you look back

718
00:33:07,110 --> 00:33:05,039
you know hindsight's always 20 20. it's

719
00:33:08,870 --> 00:33:07,120
it's easy you ask me what i'm thinking

720
00:33:10,789 --> 00:33:08,880
about what worries me and i worry about

721
00:33:13,110 --> 00:33:10,799
all the decisions that we make are we

722
00:33:15,269 --> 00:33:13,120
making the right decisions now if

723
00:33:17,269 --> 00:33:15,279
something happens down the road is it

724
00:33:19,110 --> 00:33:17,279
going to be a decision that we made that

725
00:33:20,630 --> 00:33:19,120
could have impacted that one way or

726
00:33:21,669 --> 00:33:20,640
another because

727
00:33:23,350 --> 00:33:21,679
you know

728
00:33:26,630 --> 00:33:23,360
after the fact you can look back and say

729
00:33:27,909 --> 00:33:26,640
oh man that that wasn't a good decision

730
00:33:29,430 --> 00:33:27,919
so i think

731
00:33:31,029 --> 00:33:29,440
again it gets back to making sure that

732
00:33:32,710 --> 00:33:31,039
we have all the data to make the best

733
00:33:33,750 --> 00:33:32,720
informed decisions

734
00:33:35,509 --> 00:33:33,760
so

735
00:33:37,350 --> 00:33:35,519
that that's always a concern but when i

736
00:33:39,269 --> 00:33:37,360
look at the different models that we

737
00:33:41,029 --> 00:33:39,279
have now if you look at uh both

738
00:33:42,389 --> 00:33:41,039
challenger and columbia

739
00:33:45,269 --> 00:33:42,399
those were

740
00:33:47,909 --> 00:33:45,279
you know cost plus contracts with nasa

741
00:33:50,149 --> 00:33:47,919
deep involvement in each one of those

742
00:33:52,789 --> 00:33:50,159
and and just because you have that model

743
00:33:54,470 --> 00:33:52,799
that that we had then that doesn't mean

744
00:33:56,789 --> 00:33:54,480
that it's safe

745
00:33:58,630 --> 00:33:56,799
safety isn't by the model that you have

746
00:33:59,909 --> 00:33:58,640
safety is how you operate you can have

747
00:34:01,830 --> 00:33:59,919
other models

748
00:34:04,630 --> 00:34:01,840
and you need to ensure that the safety

749
00:34:06,950 --> 00:34:04,640
is embedded in it

750
00:34:09,430 --> 00:34:06,960
i'd like to bring up a point too i think

751
00:34:11,190 --> 00:34:09,440
you know as we're talking about the

752
00:34:12,629 --> 00:34:11,200
years that have gone by between the

753
00:34:17,030 --> 00:34:12,639
mishaps

754
00:34:20,230 --> 00:34:17,040
i was out with you at the sof on the day

755
00:34:23,669 --> 00:34:20,240
that the columbia crew did not come home

756
00:34:24,869 --> 00:34:23,679
and i was uh you know um

757
00:34:29,349 --> 00:34:24,879
you know

758
00:34:30,790 --> 00:34:29,359
not as experienced as you you had lived

759
00:34:34,629 --> 00:34:30,800
through challenger

760
00:34:35,990 --> 00:34:34,639
no one uh out there had been at nasa for

761
00:34:36,869 --> 00:34:36,000
challenger

762
00:34:39,109 --> 00:34:36,879
and

763
00:34:40,629 --> 00:34:39,119
i don't know how we could have i mean

764
00:34:43,109 --> 00:34:40,639
the shuttle

765
00:34:45,109 --> 00:34:43,119
is a hypersonic vehicle it's going to

766
00:34:47,030 --> 00:34:45,119
land you know plus or minus a second or

767
00:34:48,629 --> 00:34:47,040
so it's not going to be a few minutes

768
00:34:50,230 --> 00:34:48,639
late like an airplane

769
00:34:52,230 --> 00:34:50,240
but we stood there

770
00:34:53,750 --> 00:34:52,240
and those of us who had not lived

771
00:34:56,470 --> 00:34:53,760
through challenger

772
00:34:58,310 --> 00:34:56,480
were sort of in a state of well maybe

773
00:35:00,470 --> 00:34:58,320
what can we and

774
00:35:03,109 --> 00:35:00,480
you knew before everybody else because

775
00:35:05,990 --> 00:35:03,119
you had lived through challenger

776
00:35:08,550 --> 00:35:06,000
you you knew that it could happen and so

777
00:35:10,630 --> 00:35:08,560
you came to believe it first so i think

778
00:35:12,550 --> 00:35:10,640
this aspect of just

779
00:35:14,470 --> 00:35:12,560
really taking on board the fact that it

780
00:35:16,470 --> 00:35:14,480
really could happen to us

781
00:35:19,030 --> 00:35:16,480
is is a really important

782
00:35:20,630 --> 00:35:19,040
part of that that viewpoint just knowing

783
00:35:22,550 --> 00:35:20,640
that it could happen

784
00:35:24,390 --> 00:35:22,560
and believing it is important and that's

785
00:35:26,630 --> 00:35:24,400
why having a contingency plan is so

786
00:35:27,670 --> 00:35:26,640
important yeah you know you plan for the

787
00:35:30,310 --> 00:35:27,680
worst

788
00:35:32,150 --> 00:35:30,320
and and hope you never have to execute

789
00:35:35,829 --> 00:35:32,160
it but even even if you have a

790
00:35:38,310 --> 00:35:35,839
contingency plan it will never go as

791
00:35:39,030 --> 00:35:38,320
expected or as you planned and that's

792
00:35:41,990 --> 00:35:39,040
why

793
00:35:44,550 --> 00:35:42,000
leadership is so important having uh

794
00:35:47,349 --> 00:35:44,560
good leaders that are able to

795
00:35:49,670 --> 00:35:47,359
act when things don't necessarily go as

796
00:35:51,349 --> 00:35:49,680
planned

797
00:35:53,349 --> 00:35:51,359
one of the things we saw in in

798
00:35:55,109 --> 00:35:53,359
challenger and then

799
00:35:56,230 --> 00:35:55,119
unfortunately it seemed like also in

800
00:35:57,990 --> 00:35:56,240
colombia

801
00:36:01,270 --> 00:35:58,000
was the concept of normalization of

802
00:36:03,190 --> 00:36:01,280
deviance i know um any any thoughts on

803
00:36:06,069 --> 00:36:03,200
that and how we prevent

804
00:36:07,190 --> 00:36:06,079
that from recurring

805
00:36:08,150 --> 00:36:07,200
well

806
00:36:10,230 --> 00:36:08,160
again

807
00:36:12,550 --> 00:36:10,240
when bad things happen and when

808
00:36:14,710 --> 00:36:12,560
something is anomalous or not going as

809
00:36:17,270 --> 00:36:14,720
it should but nothing bad happens it's

810
00:36:19,270 --> 00:36:17,280
easy to get into a mode that it's okay

811
00:36:21,829 --> 00:36:19,280
and and that's why we have to pay such

812
00:36:24,550 --> 00:36:21,839
close attention when when something

813
00:36:28,150 --> 00:36:24,560
isn't working exam exactly right you

814
00:36:31,030 --> 00:36:28,160
know i would say we've seen a couple of

815
00:36:33,030 --> 00:36:31,040
uh delayed parachute delays now on uh

816
00:36:35,190 --> 00:36:33,040
forced chute with uh

817
00:36:36,470 --> 00:36:35,200
cargo vehicles returning in one crew

818
00:36:37,990 --> 00:36:36,480
vehicle and

819
00:36:39,829 --> 00:36:38,000
we need to make sure that we understand

820
00:36:41,589 --> 00:36:39,839
the model that we have that we're okay

821
00:36:43,990 --> 00:36:41,599
as we go forward that's going to require

822
00:36:46,150 --> 00:36:44,000
a little a little looking into and and

823
00:36:48,550 --> 00:36:46,160
not just accepting that well it's okay

824
00:36:51,670 --> 00:36:48,560
nothing bad happen

825
00:36:54,230 --> 00:36:51,680
and of course uh since we have this

826
00:36:57,430 --> 00:36:54,240
model where we are now working with the

827
00:36:58,710 --> 00:36:57,440
commercial companies

828
00:37:03,510 --> 00:36:58,720
we want to

829
00:37:05,109 --> 00:37:03,520
assure you that nasa is very much

830
00:37:08,230 --> 00:37:05,119
involved

831
00:37:11,030 --> 00:37:08,240
with the commercial companies

832
00:37:13,750 --> 00:37:11,040
to ensure this safety but we don't want

833
00:37:15,990 --> 00:37:13,760
to ever get into the mindset oh well the

834
00:37:18,870 --> 00:37:16,000
company is doing that

835
00:37:21,190 --> 00:37:18,880
as part of the commercial crew

836
00:37:22,870 --> 00:37:21,200
or in the case of the moon landing the

837
00:37:25,030 --> 00:37:22,880
commercial

838
00:37:27,030 --> 00:37:25,040
lander

839
00:37:30,069 --> 00:37:27,040
let the company do that

840
00:37:31,990 --> 00:37:30,079
nasa's got to stay all over it when it

841
00:37:33,990 --> 00:37:32,000
comes

842
00:37:36,310 --> 00:37:34,000
to the safety

843
00:37:40,550 --> 00:37:36,320
of our own people of our own people and

844
00:37:44,790 --> 00:37:42,150
and that's what all comes down to it

845
00:37:47,190 --> 00:37:44,800
comes down to uh taking care of people

846
00:37:49,190 --> 00:37:47,200
to leadership to communication i mean i

847
00:37:50,630 --> 00:37:49,200
think communication has been the key in

848
00:37:51,829 --> 00:37:50,640
so much of this

849
00:37:53,670 --> 00:37:51,839
and i i

850
00:37:55,910 --> 00:37:53,680
i want to make sure that everybody is

851
00:37:58,069 --> 00:37:55,920
being heard and i

852
00:37:59,750 --> 00:37:58,079
i think we do

853
00:38:01,829 --> 00:37:59,760
a pretty good job but there's always

854
00:38:03,670 --> 00:38:01,839
room for improvement and i don't want

855
00:38:05,270 --> 00:38:03,680
after the fact somebody to say but i was

856
00:38:08,390 --> 00:38:05,280
raising this as an issue and nobody

857
00:38:11,670 --> 00:38:10,230
and of course the examples we've given

858
00:38:12,950 --> 00:38:11,680
you to the day

859
00:38:16,550 --> 00:38:12,960
that

860
00:38:19,829 --> 00:38:16,560
we have had some personal experience in

861
00:38:22,150 --> 00:38:19,839
all are

862
00:38:24,470 --> 00:38:22,160
around this idea that when you stop

863
00:38:25,990 --> 00:38:24,480
communicating when you think you know it

864
00:38:29,589 --> 00:38:26,000
all

865
00:38:33,270 --> 00:38:29,599
and you're not listening to your people

866
00:38:36,790 --> 00:38:33,280
that's when you get in trouble

867
00:38:39,349 --> 00:38:36,800
so we hope that uh this discussion do

868
00:38:41,750 --> 00:38:39,359
you have anything more right i do have a

869
00:38:43,589 --> 00:38:41,760
question for pam um you know so pam as

870
00:38:45,670 --> 00:38:43,599
the as the champion of

871
00:38:47,829 --> 00:38:45,680
diversity equity inclusion and

872
00:38:50,310 --> 00:38:47,839
accessibility for nasa

873
00:38:52,710 --> 00:38:50,320
how do you see that

874
00:38:54,470 --> 00:38:52,720
those elements playing into the culture

875
00:38:56,950 --> 00:38:54,480
that we want to have that ensure safety

876
00:39:00,390 --> 00:38:56,960
going forward

877
00:39:02,710 --> 00:39:00,400
deia is so central to our mission for a

878
00:39:05,430 --> 00:39:02,720
couple of different reasons and

879
00:39:07,829 --> 00:39:05,440
each aspect has some

880
00:39:10,790 --> 00:39:07,839
angle or lens that we can look at how it

881
00:39:12,630 --> 00:39:10,800
impacts our mission and our safety

882
00:39:14,790 --> 00:39:12,640
particularly as we are doing very

883
00:39:17,510 --> 00:39:14,800
difficult things

884
00:39:19,109 --> 00:39:17,520
i mean we felt this way with the crew

885
00:39:20,790 --> 00:39:19,119
it was really good to have diverse

886
00:39:23,510 --> 00:39:20,800
backgrounds

887
00:39:26,310 --> 00:39:23,520
one of my favorite stories is that

888
00:39:29,109 --> 00:39:26,320
at the intelsat rescue

889
00:39:31,910 --> 00:39:29,119
the guy on the crew who knew absolutely

890
00:39:33,829 --> 00:39:31,920
nothing about eva the rookie pilot

891
00:39:36,470 --> 00:39:33,839
kevin chilton one of the best astronauts

892
00:39:38,470 --> 00:39:36,480
we've ever had but on his rookie flight

893
00:39:40,550 --> 00:39:38,480
asked the question well why can't we

894
00:39:43,190 --> 00:39:40,560
send three astronauts out eva at the

895
00:39:45,910 --> 00:39:43,200
same time no one would have thought of

896
00:39:48,150 --> 00:39:45,920
that without somebody who had

897
00:39:50,870 --> 00:39:48,160
no preconceived ideas

898
00:39:53,589 --> 00:39:50,880
so as we are are doing the things that

899
00:39:56,870 --> 00:39:53,599
are challenging we need to have a set of

900
00:40:00,069 --> 00:39:56,880
diverse perspectives for problem solving

901
00:40:03,109 --> 00:40:00,079
for creativity for new ideas and seeing

902
00:40:04,630 --> 00:40:03,119
things but i think inclusion in

903
00:40:07,430 --> 00:40:04,640
particular

904
00:40:09,510 --> 00:40:07,440
and and accessibility gets to the access

905
00:40:11,829 --> 00:40:09,520
to the point of all voices being heard

906
00:40:13,430 --> 00:40:11,839
absolutely and and to to make sure that

907
00:40:14,309 --> 00:40:13,440
everyone feels

908
00:40:16,710 --> 00:40:14,319
safe

909
00:40:19,589 --> 00:40:16,720
uh they are sure that they are a part of

910
00:40:21,349 --> 00:40:19,599
the nasa team uh part of the nasa family

911
00:40:23,190 --> 00:40:21,359
and that they have the right to speak up

912
00:40:26,150 --> 00:40:23,200
and the right to be heard

913
00:40:27,190 --> 00:40:26,160
so the you know to me it's foundational

914
00:40:30,069 --> 00:40:27,200
to both

915
00:40:31,510 --> 00:40:30,079
our mission success but also our safety

916
00:40:34,390 --> 00:40:31,520
culture

917
00:40:37,990 --> 00:40:34,400
and russ you know um you're now

918
00:40:40,950 --> 00:40:38,000
responsible or the owner of the apollo

919
00:40:43,990 --> 00:40:40,960
challenger columbia

920
00:40:47,190 --> 00:40:44,000
learning if you will and

921
00:40:49,750 --> 00:40:47,200
i would i would hope that all of you

922
00:40:52,470 --> 00:40:49,760
when you get down to florida

923
00:40:53,670 --> 00:40:52,480
if you have not had the opportunity

924
00:40:55,670 --> 00:40:53,680
go to

925
00:40:58,150 --> 00:40:55,680
the visitor center and

926
00:41:00,950 --> 00:40:58,160
tour forever remembered at the atlantis

927
00:41:02,630 --> 00:41:00,960
facility which is a tribute to the

928
00:41:05,109 --> 00:41:02,640
challenger and columbia cruise and it

929
00:41:06,630 --> 00:41:05,119
talks about each of the crew members

930
00:41:09,030 --> 00:41:06,640
it talks about

931
00:41:11,829 --> 00:41:09,040
the the accident

932
00:41:14,230 --> 00:41:11,839
emotional and and physical recovery of

933
00:41:15,589 --> 00:41:14,240
the debris and and it also talks about

934
00:41:18,230 --> 00:41:15,599
moving forward

935
00:41:19,349 --> 00:41:18,240
and uh return to flight and also out at

936
00:41:29,270 --> 00:41:19,359
the

937
00:41:32,550 --> 00:41:29,280
it talks about

938
00:41:34,630 --> 00:41:32,560
the design changes and what was done to

939
00:41:35,750 --> 00:41:34,640
improve spacecraft and

940
00:41:37,030 --> 00:41:35,760
you know i mean

941
00:41:39,829 --> 00:41:37,040
there were a lot of changes on the

942
00:41:41,430 --> 00:41:39,839
apollo vehicle after the uh the fire

943
00:41:42,950 --> 00:41:41,440
there were over 100 changes to

944
00:41:45,030 --> 00:41:42,960
challenger after the fire we made

945
00:41:47,349 --> 00:41:45,040
multiple changes to uh

946
00:41:48,630 --> 00:41:47,359
to the tank in the process after

947
00:41:50,550 --> 00:41:48,640
columbia

948
00:41:53,829 --> 00:41:50,560
i think it's really important

949
00:41:55,430 --> 00:41:53,839
you know yes we had accidents but we

950
00:41:57,670 --> 00:41:55,440
learned from them and rose above them

951
00:41:59,190 --> 00:41:57,680
and and went on to do more and i i just

952
00:42:01,270 --> 00:41:59,200
would like to see us

953
00:42:03,510 --> 00:42:01,280
not have to relearn some of this stuff

954
00:42:06,710 --> 00:42:03,520
but what i wanted to get to is

955
00:42:09,589 --> 00:42:06,720
i think everybody that has a chance

956
00:42:11,589 --> 00:42:09,599
we have the columbia

957
00:42:13,190 --> 00:42:11,599
remains stored in the vehicle assembly

958
00:42:15,430 --> 00:42:13,200
building and man if i have my way

959
00:42:17,349 --> 00:42:15,440
everybody that's a senior leader at nasa

960
00:42:19,430 --> 00:42:17,359
would see that firsthand it goes back to

961
00:42:21,670 --> 00:42:19,440
that picture that i showed earlier the

962
00:42:25,190 --> 00:42:21,680
consequences of the decisions that we

963
00:42:26,390 --> 00:42:25,200
make but we do we do hope that that by

964
00:42:28,870 --> 00:42:26,400
this summer

965
00:42:29,670 --> 00:42:28,880
um things are so that we can restart

966
00:42:31,670 --> 00:42:29,680
that

967
00:42:34,710 --> 00:42:31,680
safety leadership program and bring

968
00:42:35,990 --> 00:42:34,720
executives down to ksc and give them

969
00:42:37,829 --> 00:42:36,000
those tours

970
00:42:40,069 --> 00:42:37,839
and you know bob because i was there

971
00:42:43,750 --> 00:42:40,079
with you

972
00:42:45,829 --> 00:42:43,760
much credit to bob for creating those

973
00:42:47,910 --> 00:42:45,839
exhibits at the visitors center and they

974
00:42:52,710 --> 00:42:47,920
are

975
00:42:53,990 --> 00:42:52,720
um it's hard to walk through them

976
00:42:55,910 --> 00:42:54,000
without

977
00:42:58,309 --> 00:42:55,920
tearing up but

978
00:42:59,910 --> 00:42:58,319
thank you but but i i really want to see

979
00:43:01,829 --> 00:42:59,920
that executive leadership program

980
00:43:04,150 --> 00:43:01,839
started i was just going to say yeah i

981
00:43:07,109 --> 00:43:04,160
that's that's really important it's

982
00:43:10,069 --> 00:43:07,119
timely and it's very important and i

983
00:43:12,470 --> 00:43:10,079
will say speaking of training um next

984
00:43:15,270 --> 00:43:12,480
week i believe february 1st we're

985
00:43:17,670 --> 00:43:15,280
rolling out to all civil service

986
00:43:20,069 --> 00:43:17,680
training plans in saturn a new

987
00:43:21,829 --> 00:43:20,079
a new organizational silence

988
00:43:23,910 --> 00:43:21,839
a kind of familiarization course so that

989
00:43:26,230 --> 00:43:23,920
you can understand what are the factors

990
00:43:27,829 --> 00:43:26,240
that go into that it you know it's it's

991
00:43:32,630 --> 00:43:27,839
usually as you say as you said earlier

992
00:43:37,270 --> 00:43:35,109
person with with ill intent

993
00:43:39,829 --> 00:43:37,280
running things it's just there's these

994
00:43:43,750 --> 00:43:39,839
dynamics that sort of if you're not on

995
00:43:45,670 --> 00:43:43,760
guard they happen and contribute to

996
00:43:47,589 --> 00:43:45,680
the wrong environment

997
00:43:49,829 --> 00:43:47,599
and by the way i thought that uh

998
00:43:51,270 --> 00:43:49,839
challenger uh safety course that was in

999
00:43:52,829 --> 00:43:51,280
center that we all had to take was

1000
00:43:54,950 --> 00:43:52,839
excellent you guys did a great job on

1001
00:43:57,750 --> 00:43:54,960
that thank you

1002
00:44:00,309 --> 00:43:57,760
well we want to thank you for joining us

1003
00:44:04,309 --> 00:44:02,550
we wanted to

1004
00:44:07,270 --> 00:44:04,319
have a discussion

1005
00:44:10,390 --> 00:44:07,280
on a day of remembrance

1006
00:44:13,510 --> 00:44:10,400
as we look forward to this incredible

1007
00:44:17,109 --> 00:44:13,520
future that we have

1008
00:44:19,910 --> 00:44:17,119
we are by nature in the nasa family we

1009
00:44:24,230 --> 00:44:19,920
are overcomers

1010
00:44:25,190 --> 00:44:24,240
and we have overcome these tragedies

1011
00:44:27,349 --> 00:44:25,200
and

1012
00:44:30,630 --> 00:44:27,359
any tragedies in the future we will

1013
00:44:35,190 --> 00:44:31,430
but

1014
00:44:36,870 --> 00:44:35,200
being an overcomer is also

1015
00:44:39,190 --> 00:44:36,880
being someone that

1016
00:44:43,190 --> 00:44:39,200
is concerned about the subjects that

1017
00:44:46,790 --> 00:44:44,309
so

1018
00:44:48,150 --> 00:44:46,800
we thank you for being a part of this

1019
00:44:51,910 --> 00:44:48,160
discussion

1020
00:44:54,790 --> 00:44:51,920
we thank you for reflecting with us

1021
00:44:57,430 --> 00:44:54,800
on this day of remembrance

1022
00:44:59,109 --> 00:44:57,440
we thank you for remembering these

1023
00:45:01,750 --> 00:44:59,119
heroes

1024
00:45:04,790 --> 00:45:01,760
and many more that

1025
00:45:08,470 --> 00:45:04,800
we have not talked about people that

1026
00:45:09,910 --> 00:45:08,480
lost their lives in the nasa program

1027
00:45:13,270 --> 00:45:09,920
that

1028
00:45:17,030 --> 00:45:13,280
have not been memorialized here

1029
00:45:20,550 --> 00:45:17,040
but in a training accident or

1030
00:45:24,950 --> 00:45:20,560
something of where they were actually

1031
00:45:28,470 --> 00:45:24,960
contributing to nasa lost their life

1032
00:45:30,630 --> 00:45:28,480
so it's good to remember

1033
00:45:34,069 --> 00:45:30,640
but it's good

1034
00:45:40,309 --> 00:45:37,670
so thank you for joining us

1035
00:45:43,670 --> 00:45:40,319
and we're going to put on the screen

1036
00:45:46,790 --> 00:45:43,680
a picture of the astronaut t-38s in

1037
00:45:50,550 --> 00:45:46,800
flying in formation

1038
00:45:52,230 --> 00:45:50,560
and when one of the four pulls up

1039
00:45:56,630 --> 00:45:52,240
going heavenward

1040
00:46:00,790 --> 00:45:59,109
god bless you

1041
00:46:03,670 --> 00:46:00,800
thank you

1042
00:46:11,910 --> 00:46:03,680
for your public service

1043
00:46:11,920 --> 00:46:47,660
[Applause]